Ringworm: A Common Fungal Infection Explained
Little Rock, Arkansas – Ringworm, also known as tinea, is a common fungal infection affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Caused by dermatophytes, this infection thrives in warm, moist environments and spreads through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated surfaces.
Pathogenesis: How Ringworm Develops
The fungi responsible for ringworm invade the outer layers of the skin, feeding on keratin, a protein found in skin cells, hair, and nails. Once the fungi enter through small breaks in the skin, they multiply, leading to the classic red, itchy, and scaly patches associated with the infection.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Ringworm manifests differently depending on the affected body part:
Skin (Tinea corporis): Round, red, itchy patches with raised borders and a clearer center, giving a ring-like appearance.
Scalp (Tinea capitis): Hair loss, flaking, dandruff-like scales, and inflamed patches.
Feet (Athlete’s foot/Tinea pedis): Itching, burning, and peeling skin, especially between the toes.
Groin (Jock itch/Tinea cruris): Red, itchy, and scaly patches in the groin area.
Nails (Tinea unguium): Thickened, discolored, and brittle nails.
Prevention: Protecting Yourself from Infection
To prevent ringworm, experts recommend:
✔ Avoiding close contact with infected individuals or animals.
✔ Disinfecting shared surfaces like gym equipment, public showers, and swimming pool areas.
✔ Keeping skin clean and dry, especially in areas prone to moisture buildup.
✔ Wearing breathable clothing to reduce sweating.
✔ Not sharing personal items such as towels, combs, or clothing.
Treatment: Managing the Infection
Most cases of ringworm are treatable with antifungal medications:
Topical antifungals: Over-the-counter creams, powders, or sprays containing clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine should be applied for 2-4 weeks to ensure complete eradication.
Oral antifungals: More severe infections, particularly those affecting the scalp or nails, may require prescription medications like terbinafine or griseofulvin.
Proper hygiene: Regular washing and drying of the affected area can speed up recovery and prevent further spread.
If symptoms persist despite treatment, consulting a healthcare provider is essential for further evaluation.
Expert Insight
Paul S. Dangha, BSc Microbiology, MLT (AMT), PT (ASCP) from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Medical Sciences, Arkansas, emphasizes that early detection and proper hygiene are key in managing and preventing ringworm infections.
By taking preventive measures and seeking timely treatment, individuals can effectively combat this common but highly contagious fungal infection.
